Papers

Working papers
  1. Sena, C.M.T., Kraft, T.S., Worthington, S., Kraus, V.B., Huebner, J.L., Lim, Y.A.L., Huat, T.B., Tam, K.L., Kivell, T.L., Holowka, N.B., Fadzil, K.S, Nicholas, C., Sayed, I.M., Venkataraman, V.V., Lea, A.J., & Wallace, I.J (in prep.) Influence of high physical activity levels on bone turnover and bone density among the Indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia.
  2. Wallace, I.J., Lucero, M.L., Worthington, S., Ayroles, J.F., Chow, S.K.W., Fadzil, K.S, Felson, D.T., Gurven, M., Hainline, B.W., Haugen, I.K., Holowka, N.B., Huebner, J.L., John, E., Kivell, T.L., Neogi, T., Nicholas, C., Kahumba, J.C., Kinyua, P., Kraus, V.B., Lim, Y.A.L., Lopurudoi, A., Lotukoi, F., Martins, D., Miano, C., Muhoya, B. Mukoma, B., Ng, K.S., Njeru, S.N., Sayed, I.M., Sena, C.M.T., Sibson, B.E., Tam, K.L., Huat, T.B., Watowich, M.M., Venkataraman, V.V., Kraft, T.S., & Lea, A.J (in prep.) Risk of chronic low back pain among two traditionally small-scale subsistence societies. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
  3. Suhay, E., Hochschild, J., & Worthington, S (in prep.) Americans' Partisan Perspectives on Scientific Authority and Consensus. Science
Papers in peer-review
  1. Holowka, N.B., O'Neill, M.C., Bhandal, V., Lam, O., Apolito, Z.M., Massimi, C.A., Palmisano, K.G., Worthington, S., Demes, B., & Thompson, N.E (submitted) Heel-strike mechanics reveal evolutionary tradeoffs in hominin bipedalism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Published journal papers (peer-reviewed)
  1. Weld, J., Day, R.T., Alizadeh, F., Blossom, J., Bailey, D., Worthington, S., Lui, J., Ward, V.L., Teele, S., Newburger, J., Thiagarajan, R., Bucholz, E., & Moynihan, K.M (2026) Geospatial Access to Pediatric Cardiac and Cardiac-surgical Services by Neighborhood-level Determinants of Health. Journal of the American Heart Association
  2. Cohen, B., Worthington, S., Sweeney, A., Concy, L., Daniel, O., & Kayser, G (2026) Predictors of Water Point Sustainability and Water Quality in Gulu, Uganda. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
  3. Wallace, I.J., Felson, D.T., Kraus, V.B., Neogi, T., Haugen, I.K., Huebner, J.L., Sena, C.M.T., Kivell, T.L., Holowka, N.B., Worthington, S., Lim, Y.A.L., Venkataraman, V.V., Kraft, T.S., & Lea, A.J (2026) Dampened inflammation and reduced risk of osteoarthritis among non-industrial societies. Osteoarthritis & Cartilage 34(1): 18–27. [doi] [pdf]
  4. Moynihan, K.M., Day, R.T., Alizadeh, F., Weld, J., Barbaro, R., Blossom, J., Bailey, D., Worthington, S., Lui, J., Ward, V., Bucholz, E., & Thiagarajan, R (2025) Access to Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation according to Neighborhood-level Determinants of Health. Intensive Care Medicine - Paediatric and Neonatal 3: 21. [doi] [pdf]
  5. Bucholz, E., Day, R.T., Khazanchi, R., Alizadeh, F., Blossom, J., Bailey, D., Worthington, S., Lui, J., Thiagarajan, R., Ward, V., & Moynihan, K.M (2025) Geospatial Accessibility to Pediatric Resources according to Child Opportunity, Race/Ethnic Composition and Urbanicity. Academic Pediatrics 25(5): 102817. [doi] [pdf]
  6. Lauer, C., Holowka, N.B., Worthington, S., Kraft, T.S., & Wallace, I.J (2025) Foot arch height, arch stiffness, and intrinsic muscle size are not strongly associated with daily physical activity levels in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States. The Anatomical Record 308(12): 3259–3270. [doi] [pdf]
  7. Wrangham, R.W., & Worthington, S (2025) Apparent stasis of endocranial volume in two chimpanzee subspecies. American Journal of Biological Anthropology 186(1): 1–18. [doi] [pdf]
  8. Greifer, N., Worthington, S., Iacus, S., & King, G (2024) carify: Simulation-Based Inference for Regression Models. R Journal 16(2): 154–174. [doi] [pdf]
  9. Vasilijic, S., Atai, N.A., Hyakusoku, H., Worthington, S., Ren, Y., Sagers, J.E., Sahin, M.I., Fujita, T., Landegger, L.D., Lewis, R., Welling, D.B., & Stankovic, K.M (2023) Identification of immune-related candidate biomarkers in plasma of patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma. Science Advances 9: eadf7295. [doi] [pdf]
  10. Lee, K.M.N., Rushovich, T., Gompers, A., Boulicault, M., Worthington, S., Lockhart, J.W., & Richardson, S.S (2023) A gender hypothesis of sex disparities in adverse drug events. Social Science & Medicine 339: 116385. [doi] [pdf]
  11. Lieberman, D.E., Worthington, S., Schell, L.D., Parkent, C.M., Devinsky, O., & Carmody, R.N (2023) Reply to RJ Klement. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 118(6): 1241–1242. [doi] [pdf]
  12. Rushovich, T., Gompers, A., Lockhart, J.W., Omidiram, I., Worthington, S., Richardson, S.S., & Lee, K.M.N (2023) Adverse drug events by sex after adjusting for baseline rates of drug use. JAMA Network Open 6(8): e2329074. [doi] [pdf]
  13. Lieberman, D.E., Worthington, S.*, Schell, L.D., Parkent, C.M., Devinsky, O., & Carmody, R.N (2023) Comparing measured dietary variation within and between tropical hunter-gatherer groups to the Paleo Diet. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 118(3): 549–560. * co-first author [doi] [pdf]
  14. Wallace, I.J., Felson, D.T., Worthington, S., & Lieberman, D.E (2022) Response to: ‘Is non-industrial society undergoing an energy balance transition predisposed to accumulate abdominal adipose tissue and susceptible to knee osteoarthritis?’ by Yu et al. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81(4): 1–2. [doi] [pdf]
  15. Bailey, K.B., Horacek, D., Worthington, S., & Schmitz, M (2022) Professors prioritize increasing female retention in academic physics over advisees' interests. Frontiers in Sociology 6: 1–9. [doi] [pdf]
  16. Holowka, N.B., Wallace, I.J., Mathiessen, A., Ojiambo, R.M., Okutoyi, P., Worthington, S., & Lieberman, D.E (2021) Urbanization and Knee Cartilage Growth Among Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya. ACR Open Rheumatology 3(11): 765–770. [doi] [pdf]
  17. Rodman, A.M., Bustamante, C.M.V., Dennison, M.J., Flournoy, J.C., Coppersmith, D.D.L., Nook, E.C., Worthington, S., Mair, P., & McLaughlin, K.A (2021) A year in the social life of a teenager: Fluctuations in stress, social communication, and anxiety and depression. Clinical Psychological Science 9(5): 791–809. [doi] [pdf]
  18. Yingying, L., Forsyth, A., Worthington, S (2021) Built environment and self-rated health: comparing young, middle-aged, and older people in Chengdu, China. Health Environments Research & Design Journal 14(3): 229–246. [doi] [pdf]
  19. Kistner, T.M., Zink, K.D., Worthington, S., & Lieberman, D.E (2021) Geometric morphometric investigation of cranial morphological change during domestication of. Vulpes vulpes [doi] [pdf]
  20. Rodman, A., Powers, K., Insel, C., Kastman, E., Kabotyanski, K., Stark, A., Worthington, S. & Somerville, L (2021) How adolescents and adults translate value to action: Age-related shifts in strategic physical effort exertion for monetary rewards. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 150(1): 103–113. [doi] [pdf]
  21. Park, D.S., Willis C.G., Zhenxiang, X. Kartesz, J.T., Davis, C.C. & Worthington, S.* (2020) Machine learning predicts large scale declines in native plant phylogenetic diversity. New Phytologist 227(5): 1544–1556. * co-first author [doi] [pdf]
  22. Shave, R.E., Lieberman, D.E., Drane, A.L., Brown, M.G., Batterham, A.M., Worthington, S., Atencia, R., Feltrer, Y., Neary, J., Weiner, R.B., Wasfy, M.M., & Baggish, A.L (2019) Selection of endurance capabilities and the trade-off between pressure and volume in the evolution of the human heart. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116(40): 19905–19910. [doi] [pdf]
  23. Wallace, I.J., Felson, D.T., Worthington, S., Duryea, J., Clancy, M., Aliabadi, P., Eick, G.N., Snodgrass, J.J., Hannan, M.T., Baggish, A.L., & Lieberman, D.E (2019) Knee osteoarthritis risk in non-industrial societies undergoing an energy balance transition: evidence from the indigenous Tarahumara of Mexico. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 78(12): 1–6. [doi] [pdf]
  24. Cunningham, A.J., Worthington, S. Venkataraman, V., & Wrangham, R.W (2019) Do modern hunter-gatherers live in marginal habitats?. Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports 25: 584–599. [doi] [pdf]
  25. Bailey, K.A., Horacek, D., Worthington, S., Nanthakumar, A., Preston, S., & Ilie C.C (2019) stem/non-stem divide structures undergraduate beliefs about gender and talent in academia. Frontiers in Sociology 4: 1-26. [doi] [pdf]
  26. Park, D.S., Worthington, S., & Zhenxiang X (2018) Taxon sampling effects on the quantification and comparison of community phylogenetic diversity. Molecular Ecology 27(5): 1296–1308. [doi] [pdf]
  27. Worthington, S (2017) Selection of character coding method is not phylogenetically neutral: a test case using hominoids. Folia Primatologica 88(5): 385–400. [doi] [pdf]
  28. Wallace, I. J., Worthington, S.*, Felson, D.T., Jurmain, R.D., Wren, K.T., Maijanen, H., Woods, R.J., & Lieberman, D.E (2017) Knee osteoarthritis has doubled in prevalence since the mid-20th century. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114(35): 9332–9336. * co-first author [doi] [pdf]
  29. Miller, C.L., Taylor, M.S., Qadan, M., Deshpande, V., Worthington, S., Smalley, R., Collura, C., Ryan, D.P., Allen, J.N., Blaszkowsky, L.S., Clark, J.W., Murphy, J.E., Parikh, A.R., Berger, D., Tanabe, K.K., Lillemoe, K.D., & Ferrone, C.R (2017) Prognostic significance of surgical margin size after neoadjuvant FOLFOX and/or FOLFIRI for colorectal liver metastases. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 21(11): 1831–1840. [doi] [pdf]
  30. Sagers, J.E., Landegger, L.D., Worthington, S., Nadol Jr., J.B., & Stankovic, K.M (2017) Human cochlear histopathology reflects clinical signatures of primary neural degeneration. Scientific Reports 7(4884): 1–10. [doi] [pdf]
  31. Wrangham, R.W., Worthington, S.*, Bernard, A.B., Koops, K., Machanda, Z.P., & Muller, M.N (2017) Response to: Chimpanzee culture extends beyond matrilineal family units. Current Biology 27: R590–R591. * co-first author [doi] [pdf]
  32. Wrangham, R.W., Koops, K., Machanda, Z.P., Worthington, S., Bernard, A.B., Brazeau, N.F., Donovan, R., Rosen, J., Wilke, C., Otali, E., & Muller, M. N (2016) Distribution of a chimpanzee social custom is explained by matrilineal relationship rather than conformity. Current Biology 26(22): 3033–3037. [doi] [pdf]
  33. Carter, K.E. & Worthington, S.* (2016) The evolution of anthropoid molar proportions. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 110. * co-first author [doi] [pdf]
  34. Carter, K.E. & Worthington, S.* (2016) Predictors of third molar impaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dental Research 95(3): 267–276. * co-first author [doi] [pdf]
  35. Carter, K.E. & Worthington, S.* (2015) Morphologic and demographic predictors of third molar agenesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dental Research 94(7): 886–894. * co-first author [doi] [pdf]
  36. Carter, K.E., Worthington, S.*, & Smith, T.M (2014) News and views: non-metric dental traits and hominin phylogeny. Journal of Human Evolution 69: 123–128. * co-first author [doi] [pdf]
Published conference papers (peer-reviewed)
  1. Lucero, M.L., Watowich, M., Worthington, S., Echwa, J., Kahumbu, J., Kinyua, P., Lopurudoi, A., Lotukoi, F., Mwai, C., Muhoya, B., Mukoma, B., Gurven, M.D., Martins, D., Ayroles, J.F., Lea, A., & Wallace, I.J (2025) Chronic musculoskeletal pain among the Turkana of northern Kenya. American Journal of Biological Anthropology
  2. Wrangham, R. & Worthington, S (2024) Endocranial volume in eastern chimpanzees (. Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
  3. Moynihan, K.M., Alizadeh, F., Day, T., Blossom, J., Bailey, D., Worthington, S., Lui, J., Ward, V., McManus, M., Thiagarajan, R., & Hegland, T (2024) Distribution of Pediatric intensive care units according to social drivers of health. Critical Care Medicine 52(1): S26.
  4. Wallace, I. J., Felson, D.T., Worthington, S., Duryea, J., Clancy, M., Aliabadi,, P., Eick, G.N., Snodgrass, J., Baggish, A.L., & Lieberman, D.E (2020) Knee osteoarthritis susceptibility among non-industrial societies undergoing rapid lifestyle changes. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 171: 299.
  5. Wallace, I. J., Worthington, S.*, Felson, D.T., Jurmain, R.D., Wren, K.T., Maijanen, H., Woods, R.J., & Lieberman, D.E (2017) Osteoarthritis as an evolutionary mismatch disease. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 162: 400. * equal contributor
  6. Tang, N., Jeffery, N., Graham, P., Worthington, S., Kato, A., Sirianni, J., Lieberman, D., Tafforeau, P., & Smith, T.M (2014) The ontogeny of human and macaque prenatal brain and tooth growth. American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement 58: 251–252.
  7. Carter, K.E., Worthington, S.*, & Smith, T.M (2013) The evolution of third molar agenesis in humans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement 56: 95. * equal contributor
  8. Worthington, S (2011) Phylogenetic signals in the hominoid carpus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement 52: 314–315.
  9. Worthington, S (2010) Character winnowing: a new character selection protocol based on phylogenetic signal. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
  10. Worthington, S (2010) Ranking morphological characters by phylogenetic signal: an approach using null models. American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement 50: 247.
  11. Worthington, S (2010) Endo- and ectocranial covariation in Pongo: implications for fossil hominoid cranial integration. PaleoAnthropology 2010: A38–39.
  12. Carter, K.E. & Worthington, S.* (2010) Mixed signals in the dentition: assessing the contribution of phylogeny, taxonomy and allometry in determining molar shape. PaleoAnthropology 2010: A7. * equal contributor
  13. Worthington, S (2004) Character analysis of hominoid trunk and forelimb morphology: synapomorphy or homoplasy?. American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement 38: 211.
  14. Worthington, S (2003) The extent of homoplasy in the trunk and forelimb of the Hominoidea. Primate Eye 79: 7.
Dissertations & theses
  1. Brown, R., McNeil, S., Milliman, J., Wan, E., & Worthington, S (2024) Sports Predictive Analytics and Modeling. Harvard University
  2. Worthington, S (2012) New Approaches to Late Miocene Hominoid Systematics: Ranking Morphological characters by Phylogenetic Signal. New York University [doi] [pdf]
  3. Worthington, S (2002) The Extent of Homoplasy in the Trunk and Forelimb of the Hominoidea. University of Durham
  4. Worthington, S (2000) A Technological and Typological Analysis of the Lithic Artifacts from Foxhall Road, Ipswich. University of Durham
Editorials
  1. Worthington, S. & Read, C (2003) Primate evolution and adaptation. Evolutionary Anthropology 12(4): 164.
Software
  1. Greifer, N., Worthington, S., Iacus, S., & King, G (2023) clarify: Simulation-Based Inference for Regression Models. R package version 0.2.0 [doi] [pdf]